The only differences between these two technologies is LOCATION. If  the location of the telephone switch is at the Customer Premise then it is called “PBX”. On the other side if the location of switch is in the Central Office, then it is called “Centrex” Source: T101 Telecom 101 – 4th edition 2016 7″ x…

Master Test Frame for #1 and #5 Crossbar Switch #5 Crossbar Frames Panel Final Frame Community Dial Office Main Distribution Frame Source: http://museumofcommunications.org/index.php/switching/12-2/

DTMF (Dual Tone Multiple Frequency) is the oldest technique that created by AT&T to do signalling. Source: T101 Telecom 101 – 4th edition 2016 7″ x 9″ softcover book • 488 pages • 4th edition • published 2016 ISBN 9781894887038 (print)   ISBN 9781894887786 (eBook)

Components and its function: Tip is where the voltage in Protection is where the voltage reduced Ringer is where the the sounds come from hook switch will be closed when the calling in Hybrid is for Synchronize between microphone and speaker Source:T101 Telecom 101 – 4th edition 2016 7″ x 9″ softcover book • 488…

Noise and Attenuation both have same definition that is unwanted sound. An amplifier is an electronic device that increases the voltage, current, or power of a signal. the disadvantages of use the amplifier is beside the speech, the attenuation or noise is also got amplified. Source: T101 Telecom 101 – 4th edition 2016 7″ x 9″…

Voice-band is the frequency band, or range, specified for voice communications in the public switched telephone network (PSTN). whether the range of audible sound is 20-200,000 Hz the voice band has a specific value which is 300-3300 Hz Source: T101 Telecom 101 – 4th edition 2016 7″ x 9″ softcover book • 488 pages •…

PSTN (public switched telephone network) is the world’s collection of interconnected voice-oriented public telephone networks, both commercial and government-owned. Source: T101 Telecom 101 – 4th edition 2016 7″ x 9″ softcover book • 488 pages • 4th edition • published 2016 ISBN 9781894887038 (print)   ISBN 9781894887786 (eBook)

-Access Network is the totality of the physical equipment used to link the user to a central office(CO). This is often called the outside plant. -Switching Centers are the building that contain multiplexer, switches, and roters. -Transmission Network is the term used to generally refer to the system that connect switching centers. source : T101…

Traditionally the relationships between competitors in the industrial market have been based on competition. The network approach and literature about strategic alliances have provided new insights into cooperation between firms based on the value chain. The empirical findings from two in‐depth studies, the rack and pinion industry and the lining industry, show that a firm…

Safe Exam Browser is an open source application to secure exams on student’s laptop by locks the computer into kiosk mode. Telkom University is one of the university that use this application for execute a quiz and exam for several subjects. it is really helpful for lecturer in order to minimize the level of cheating…